Audiologists and physicians separate the ear into the CONDUCTIVE portion, consisting of the outer and middle ears and the SENSORINEURAL portion, consisting of the inner ear and auditory nerve.

Any sound that courses through the outer ear, middle ear and beyond is heard through AIR CONDUCTION.  It is possible to bypass the outer and middle ears by vibrating the skull mechanically and stimulating the inner ear directly.  In this way, the sound is heard by BONE CONDUCTION.  Therefore, hearing by air conduction depends upon the function of the outer, middle and inner ear as well as the neural pathways beyond.  Hearing by bone conduction depends only on the function of the inner ear and beyond.


CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS:
The loss of sound sensitivity produced by abnormalities of the outer and/or middle ear. Common examples include middle ear fluid (ear infections), fusion or arthritis of the middle ear bones, and malformations of the outer ear as a consequence of trauma or a development problem at birth.

SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS:
The loss of sound sensitivity produced by abnormalities of the inner ear or nerve pathways beyond the inner ear to the brain.  Common examples include skull trauma, meningitis, and congenital or hereditary nerve dysfunctions.

MIXED HEARING LOSS:
The loss of sound sensitivity produced by a combination of conductive and sensorineural factors.  A common example would include a yound child with congenital sensorineural hearing loss who begins to develop middle ear infections and now add a conductive component to a baseline hearing loss.

SCALE OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT (measured in decibels)

NORMAL 

  0-15 

MINIMAL

16-25  

MILD

26-40

MODERATE

41-55

MODERATELY SEVERE 

56-70 

SEVERE

71-89 

PROFOUND 

+90  





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© 2007 Deborah M. Burton, MD
All rights reserved

Any information provided on this Web site should not be considered medical advice or a substitute for a consultation with a physician. If you have a medical problem, contact your local physician for diagnosis and treatment.

 

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